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Personal Independence Payment

PIP, in plain English.

Last verified 13 Jul 2026 · Source DWP + Welfare Reform Act 2012 + SSCS Tribunal stats + mygov.scot (Adult Disability Payment)

How PIP actually works in 2026/27. What the points really mean. The DWP statistics most people never see. And — if your decision was wrong — a Mandatory Reconsideration letter you can post tomorrow. Free. No login. Nothing stored.

Read this first if you live in Scotland

The DWP no longer takes new PIP claims in Scotland. The benefit here is Adult Disability Payment, delivered by Social Security Scotland — the rates are the same, but you apply to a different government. Existing PIP awards in Scotland were transferred automatically.

Apply or ask for help at mygov.scot or call Social Security Scotland free on 0800 182 2222.

Challenging a decision is different too. There is no Mandatory Reconsideration — you ask for a re-determination (usually 42 days from the decision letter for Adult Disability Payment), and if you are still unhappy you appeal to the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland (31 days from the re-determination letter). You cannot appeal without asking for a re-determination first. The Mandatory Reconsideration letter generator below is for DWP decisions (England, Wales and Northern Ireland). See our challenge guide.

The honest read
PIP is statistically harder at the first decision than it should be — but appeals work.

DWP’s own published statistics show roughly half of new PIP claims are awarded at the first decision. Of those rejected, around 70% of cases that reach a tribunal succeed. That gap is huge. If your decision letter doesn’t feel right, the appeal process is not a long shot — it’s the route most successful claimants take.

1st-decision approval
~46%
Tribunal success rate
~68%
What people often get wrong
— Underplaying how bad their worst days are (DWP scores by your worst regular day, not your best).
— Missing the 1-month mandatory reconsideration deadline (extendable but harder).
— Not naming “reliably, repeatedly, in a reasonable time” in their evidence.

What PIP actually pays in 2026/27

PIP has two components: Daily Living and Mobility. Each pays at standard or enhanced rate. From April 2026:

PIP is tax-free and not means-tested. It does not stop you working. It can unlock Carer’s Allowance for someone caring for you, Council Tax reduction, Blue Badge, and the Motability Scheme (if you get enhanced Mobility).

How DWP actually scores you

PIP is decided on points. You need 8 points for the standard rate of either component, 12 points for the enhanced rate. The activities below carry the scores. The bit DWP rarely explains: you should be scored on what you can do reliably, repeatedly, safely, in a reasonable time. If you can only do something with pain, only sometimes, only with help, or only by paying for it in exhaustion afterwards — that’s the descriptor that counts. Not your best day.

Daily Living activities (10 in total)

Preparing food0–8 pts
0 = can prepare and cook a simple meal unaided. 8 = cannot prepare or cook a simple meal.
Taking nutrition0–10 pts
From needing prompting to eat, through to needing supervision, to needing a feeding tube.
Managing therapy or monitoring a health condition0–8 pts
Higher points if you need supervision, prompting or help with treatment for >7 hours/week.
Washing and bathing0–8 pts
From needing aids, through prompting, supervision, to being unable to wash or bathe at all.
Managing toilet needs / incontinence0–8 pts
Aids, supervision/prompting, or assistance.
Dressing and undressing0–8 pts
From needing aids, through prompting to choose appropriate clothing, to needing physical help.
Communicating verbally0–12 pts
Hearing or speech aids, communication support, or unable to communicate verbally at all.
Reading and understanding signs, symbols and words0–8 pts
From needing aids (e.g. glasses), to prompting, to being unable to read at all.
Engaging with other people face to face0–8 pts
Prompting, social support from a trained person, or being unable to engage due to overwhelming psychological distress.
Making budgeting decisions0–6 pts
Prompting or assistance with simple or complex budgeting.

Mobility activities (2 in total)

Planning and following journeys0–12 pts
Includes overwhelming psychological distress preventing unfamiliar journeys (12 pts), needing another person, or being unable to plan a journey.
Moving around0–12 pts
Based on how far you can walk reliably: more than 200m / 50–200m / 20–50m / 1–20m / cannot stand or move 1m unaided. Pain, exhaustion afterwards, and frequency all count.
If your decision is wrong

Draft a Mandatory Reconsideration.

First-decision letter looks wrong? Before you can appeal, the DWP requires a Mandatory Reconsideration (MR). You have one month from the date on the decision letter. Sorted drafts a calm, structured request you can post or call in. No login. Nothing sent to us.

Free human help — UK

PIP is hard. You don’t have to do it alone. These services are free, confidential, and have helped tens of thousands of people through PIP.

Citizens Advice — 0800 144 8848
Free PIP help including form-filling, mandatory reconsideration drafting, and tribunal representation in many areas. England helpline; SC 0800 028 1456; Wales 0800 702 2020.
Scope — 0808 800 3333
Disability equality helpline. Specialist advice on PIP, employment, social care. Mon–Fri 9am–5pm.
Disability Rights UK
Welfare rights factsheets, PIP self-help guide, benefits-tribunal guidance. Free downloads.
GOV.UK — PIP
Official claim portal for England and Wales, decision-maker guidance, latest rates. Last checked: today.
nidirect — PIP (Northern Ireland)
If you live in Northern Ireland: PIP is run by the Department for Communities, not the DWP. New claims: PIP Centre 0800 012 1573. Existing claims: 0800 587 0932. Claim through nidirect, not GOV.UK.
Social Security Scotland — 0800 182 2222
If you live in Scotland: Adult Disability Payment replaces PIP. Free help to apply, or to ask for a re-determination (usually 42 days) and appeal. Also at mygov.scot. Citizens Advice Scotland: 0800 028 1456.
When you’ve drafted your letter, save it to Passport with the deadline. Sorted will remind you.
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Sources: DWP Personal Independence Payment statistics (most recent quarterly release), GOV.UK PIP guidance, Citizens Advice published PIP outcomes, MoJ tribunal outcome statistics. Not legal advice. For complex cases, speak to a regulated welfare-rights adviser or solicitor.

Also see: PIP assessment — what to expect & how to prepare · PIP award reviews (AR1)

Your safest next step today

You have 1 month to act on a PIP decision.

Draft the Mandatory Reconsideration, find money you may also be missing, or get free human help. Free. Sourced to DWP + Welfare Reform Act 2012. No login.

Sourced to DWP · SSCS Tribunal · Welfare Reform Act 2012 · Citizens Advice 0800 144 8848